• The expansion and maturation of mature ECs and

  2018-10-24

  

  The expansion and maturation of mature ECs and EPCs requires the addition of pro-angiogenic growth factors such as VEGF. With regards the translation of cell-based therapies into clinic, it is of interest to avoid the expensive and controversial use of recombinant growth factors. The supplementation

• Experiments in NHPs can also be more technically challenging

  2018-10-24

  

  Experiments in NHPs can also be more technically challenging than those carried out in rodents. For example, MPTP is a highly toxic reagent and animals exposed to it need to be housed in biosafety level 2 laboratories and cared for by highly trained staff. Further, although a stereotactic atlas does

• br Materials and methods br Author disclosure statement

  2018-10-24

  

  Materials and methods Author disclosure statement Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health K08 grant number HL111148 (J.L.S.) and R01 grant number HL051387 (D.E.V.). We are especially indebted to patients and their families for participating in this study

• br Results Relying on the high

  2018-10-24

  

  Results Relying on the high conservation of vertebrate TBX3 proteins, we used human TBX3 in murine ESCs due to its specific traceability. We inserted human TBX3 cDNA into the pEF-DEST51 vector (Invitrogen) for EF1α-promoter-based stable and constitutive overexpression in ESCs. Out of 20 independe

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments br Introductio

  2018-10-24

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 2%–3% of the world population and is a major cause of liver disease and cancer. It is estimated that more than 350,000 people die of the HCV-related liver disease each year (Te and Jensen, 2010

• We propose that a quantitative marker

  2018-10-24

  

  We propose that a quantitative marker for tracking cardiac myocyte maturation resides in the developmentally controlled and irreversible (excepting targeted reprogramming) genetic switch in the sarcomeric TNNI gene. Owing to strict developmental control in all mammalian hearts, including humans, the

• It is intriguing that all surviving germ cells

  2018-10-24

  

  It is intriguing that all surviving germ cells in Ret mutant mice expressed GFRA1. It is possible that GFRA1 was upregulated to compensate for the reduction of GDNF signaling. Because of the controversy on GFRA1 expression on SSCs, we performed FACS experiments to explore the relationship between GF

• Since the donor hESC derived cells are allografts

  2018-10-24

  

  Since the donor hESC-derived melanotropin are allografts, there is the possibility of graft rejection after transplantation. Previous allogeneic RPE cell transplantations in dry AMD resulted in graft rejections in some cases, although it started later in the treatment course and was seen less freque

• Although the use of iPSC derived neurons offer a

  2018-10-24

  

  Although the use of iPSC-derived neurons offer a number of advantages because they are human derived and more closely resemble neurons than tumor cell lines, there are some limitations which should be considered (Gurwitz, 2016). They are expensive, do not grow indefinitely and require some level of

• br Results br Discussion Here we describe

  2018-10-24

  

  Results Discussion Here we describe the role for histone demethylases KDM4A and KDM4C in the epigenetic regulation of mESC differentiation to endothelial cells. We showed that KDM4A and KDM4C targeted the tri-methyl histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3), a known repressive marker of gene regulation (Bl

• Many SMs have been reported to facilitate reprogramming

  2018-10-24

  

  Many SMs have been reported to facilitate reprogramming. For example, sodium butyrate (N, NaB), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, greatly improved reprogramming efficiency by upregulating epigenetic remodeling and pluripotency-associated imidazoline receptors (Mali et al., 2010; Zhang and Wu,

• DNA Damage DNA Repair Library Recent studies by our group

  2018-10-24

  

  Recent studies by our group demonstrated the presence of stem DNA Damage DNA Repair Library in the CEP. These cartilage endplate stem cells (CESCs) exhibited superior capacity for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation to those of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) (Liu et al., 2011)

• Recently iPSCs were derived from fibroblasts obtained from

  2018-10-24

  

  Recently, iPSCs were derived from fibroblasts obtained from another unrelated UFM subject (de Esch et al., 2014). The lymphoblastoid cell line from this subject has been previously characterized and showed the same epigenetic profile of the FMR1 promoter-like lymphoblastoid cells from UFM1 (Pietrobo

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions O G perfo

  2018-10-24

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions O.G. performed the analysis, visualization, qRT-PCR, and writing of the manuscript; K.M. carried out Hlf functional experiments; N.B. helped with the computational analysis; Y.G. performed the cell culture and functional assays; M.F. did some of the

• The transient presence of oligodendroblasts

  2018-10-24

  

  The transient presence of oligodendroblasts could also be explained by their progress into full maturation. Intriguingly, we failed to detect fully mature oligodendrocytes generated by oligodendroblasts. This was determined in three ways: first, by the absence of double EYFP+/MBP+ cells; second, by

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