• STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank C Hong R Huang

  2022-07-26

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank C. Hong, R. Huang, and Z. Yu at the HHMI Janelia cryo-EM facility for help with microscope operation and data collection. We thank A. Müller, W. Kan, and W. Weis for help with the SEC-MALS analysis and M. Elazar and J. Glenn for the use of equipment. P. Love

• Due to the importance of gene regulation in

  2022-07-26

  

  Due to the importance of gene regulation in cancers, HDAC inhibitors have been studied extensively in cancer biology and are in current clinical use as anti-tumor therapies [17]. The HDAC inhibitors vorinostat, romidepsin, and belinostat have been approved for certain T-cell lymphomas, and panobinos

• Mapping PPI networks is challenging

  2022-07-26

  

  Mapping PPI networks is challenging, as it is difficult to express and purify large variaties of Calphostin C receptor in sufficient quantities to allow the study of interactions between them. Membrane-bound proteins are particularly difficult to purify in functional form due to their amphiphilic n

• Several compounds have been described in the literature

  2022-07-26

  

  Several compounds have been described in the literature as inhibitors of the sGC. Among them, methylene blue and LY83583 () are not direct sGC inhibitors, but rather block cGMP formation by generating superoxide anion radicals that deactivate NO. Despite their extensive use in plethora of research s

• We also noticed that acetic acid

  2022-07-26

  

  We also noticed that acetic acid by itself (used to induce pain) increased spinal cord levels of KYNA (see Fig. 5). The most rational explanation of this finding is based on the possibility that acetic acid and KYNA share the same transport systems and the finding is therefore not surprising. Altho

• Here we demonstrate an anti

  2022-07-26

  

  Here we demonstrate an anti-inflammatory and anticancer function for Gpr109a in colon. Gpr109a signaling imposed anti-inflammatory properties in colonic antigen-presenting cells, which in turn induced differentiation of Treg n-acetyl-l-cysteine and IL-10-producing T cells. Gpr109a was also required

• In three independent groups identified GPR A HM A

  2022-07-26

  

  In 2003, three independent groups identified GPR109A (HM74A) and GPR109B (HM74), two GPCRs, as the receptors for niacin., , GPR109A, which is present in all species, is a high affinity receptor for niacin., GPR109B, which is only present in human and chimpanzee, is a low affinity receptor for niac

• GlxI is a member of the superfamily of proteins

  2022-07-26

  

  GlxI is a member of the βαβββ superfamily of proteins, consisting of fosfomycin resistance protein (FosA), methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (MMCE), extradiol dioxygenase (DIOX), mitomycin C resistance protein (MRP) and bleomycin resistance protein (BRP) [29], [30], [31]. These proteins are believed to ha

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Obesity is a

  2022-07-26

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Obesity is a growing pandemic, which becomes a global public health problem. The evidence has been readily available and mounting, demonstrating that obesity increases incidences of chronic comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, diabetes, cardi

• Fatty acids have been repeatedly shown to increase the respo

  2022-07-26

  

  Fatty acids have been repeatedly shown to increase the responsiveness of pancreatic islets to glucose both in vitro and in vivo[6]. The recent identification of GPR40 as a receptor for free fatty acids that is localized to the pancreatic islet cells has therefore stimulated interest in obtaining sma

• 4945 Tight junctions regulate the transfer of ions as

  2022-07-26

  

  Tight junctions regulate the transfer of ions as well as small molecules across endothelial barriers (Li et al., 2015). We also investigated whether resistin affects tight junctions, which play an important role in the conformation of polarized endothelial barriers (Matsuzaki et al., 2010). A previo

• Previous attempts to minimize the contribution of the compen

  2022-07-25

  

  Previous attempts to minimize the contribution of the compensatory changes due to chronic loss of Gcgr, have used temporally-controlled reduction of glucagon levels by alpha-cell ablation, glucagon immunoneutralization, and the use of small molecule or antibody glucagon receptor antagonists [10], [3

• In this study we demonstrate

  2022-07-25

  

  In this study, we demonstrate that the ETS transcription factor ETV5 is involved in the regulation of ghrelin system in response to the altered nutritional state. In the recent multiple GWAS studies, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ETV5, rs7647305 (Thorleifsson et al., 2009; Willer e

• SNL in rats led to upregulated Panx mRNA and

  2022-07-25

  

  SNL in rats led to upregulated Panx1 mRNA and protein level in DRG but not in spinal cord, and immunostaining revealed increased Panx1 in DRG neurons [50]. Although it was not emphasized, Panx1 labeling in SGCs was also increased in this pain model. Intrathecal injection of Panx1 blockers or Panx1-s

• methylguanine dna methyltransferase In Gallus gallus four FG

  2022-07-22

  

  In Gallus gallus, four FGFRs (FGFR1-4) have been identified, along with 13 FGFs (FGF1–4, 8–10, 12, 13, 16, 18–20) (Thisse and Thisse, 2005). FGFRs are tyrosine kinase receptors that contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Th

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